Quantum simulations of gauge theories

Simulations of lattice gauge theories such as QCD on classical computers have been massively successful in the last decades. However, the conventional methods relying on Monte Carlo sampling face issues like the sign problem in certain regimes, for example at finite chemical potential. This has motivated the ongoing search for new approaches to simulating gauge theories. One promising approach is utilizing quantum simulators. Such platforms are being realized at increasingly large scales and have recently enabled first simulations of low dimensional gauge theories [external page1, external page2]. Scaling up these quantum simulations requires the development of improved implementation schemes as well as a good understanding of the physics involved. Improved classical algorithms are therefore crucial to advance and benchmark quantum simulations, besides enabling the study of the rich physics of low dimensional gauge theories themselves.